Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 17 de 17
Filter
1.
J. bras. pneumol ; 41(2): 167-174, Mar-Apr/2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-745920

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the effect of intermittent hypoxia-a model of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-on pancreatic expression of uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2), as well as on glycemic and lipid profiles, in C57BL mice. Methods: For 8 h/day over a 35-day period, male C57BL mice were exposed to intermittent hypoxia (hypoxia group) or to a sham procedure (normoxia group). The intermittent hypoxia condition involved exposing mice to an atmosphere of 92% N and 8% CO2 for 30 s, progressively reducing the fraction of inspired oxygen to 8 ± 1%, after which they were exposed to room air for 30 s and the cycle was repeated (480 cycles over the 8-h experimental period). Pancreases were dissected to isolate the islets. Real-time PCR was performed with TaqMan assays. Results: Expression of UCP2 mRNA in pancreatic islets was 20% higher in the normoxia group than in the hypoxia group (p = 0.11). Fasting serum insulin was higher in the hypoxia group than in the normoxia group (p = 0.01). The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance indicated that, in comparison with the control mice, the mice exposed to intermittent hypoxia showed 15% lower insulin resistance (p = 0.09) and 21% higher pancreatic β-cell function (p = 0.01). Immunohistochemical staining of the islets showed no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the area or intensity of α- and β-cell staining for insulin and glucagon. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report of the effect of intermittent hypoxia on UCP2 expression. Our findings suggest that UCP2 regulates insulin production in OSA. Further study of the role that UCP2 plays in the glycemic control of OSA patients is warranted. .


Objetivo: Investigar o efeito da hipóxia intermitente com um modelo de apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) sobre a expressão de uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2), assim como sobre perfis glicêmicos e lipídicos, em camundongos C57BL. Métodos: Camundongos C57BL machos foram expostos a hipóxia intermitente ou hipóxia simulada (grupo controle) 8 h/dia durante 35 dias. A condição de hipóxia intermitente envolveu a exposição dos camundongos a uma atmosfera de 92% de N e 8% de CO2 por 30 s, com redução progressiva de fração de O2 inspirado até 8 ± 1%, seguida por exposição a ar ambiente por 30 s e repetições do ciclo (480 ciclos no período experimental de 8 h). Os pâncreas foram dissecados para isolar as ilhotas. Foi realizada PCR em tempo real utilizando o método TaqMan. Resultados: A expressão do mRNA da UCP2 nas ilhotas pancreáticas foi 20% maior no grupo controle que no grupo hipóxia (p = 0,11). A insulina sérica de jejum foi maior no grupo hipóxia do que no grupo controle (p = 0,01). O modelo de avaliação da homeostase de resistência à insulina indicou que, em comparação com os camundongos controle, aqueles expostos à hipóxia intermitente apresentaram 15% menor resistência à insulina (p = 0,09) e 21% maior função das células beta (p = 0,01). A coloração das ilhotas pancreáticas por imuno-histoquímica não mostrou diferenças significativas entre os grupos em termos da área ou da intensidade das células alfa e beta, marcadas por insulina e glucagon. Conclusões: Segundo nosso conhecimento, esta é a primeira descrição do efeito da hipóxia intermitente sobre a expressão da UCP2. Nossos achados sugerem que UCP2 regula a produção de insulina na AOS. Futuras investigações sobre o papel da UCP2 no controle glicêmico em pacientes com AOS são justificadas. .


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Hypoxia/metabolism , Ion Channels/metabolism , Islets of Langerhans/metabolism , Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/metabolism , Hypoxia/physiopathology , Disease Models, Animal , Insulin Resistance , Ion Channels/genetics , Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/physiopathology
2.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 34(4): 546-555, oct.-dic. 2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-730938

ABSTRACT

Introduction : Obesity results from interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors. Objective: To evaluate the effect of three gene variants and environmental factors on obesity and overweight in young people aged 10 to 18 years in a Colombian population. Materials and methods: A total of 424 subjects were selected and separated into three groups for a cross-sectional study; 100 obese and 112 overweight subjects were matched with 212 normal-weight controls. Associations were evaluated between excess weight and three genetic polymorphisms ( UCP3- rs1800849, FTO -rs17817449, and CAPN10 -rs3842570), as well as the family history, the time spent watching television and playing video games, and the diet. Results: A family history of obesity, the time spent watching television and playing video games, the lack of breastfeeding, a low consumption of cereals, legumes, fruits, vegetables, and a high consumption of fast foods were characteristics typically found in obese individuals compared to controls. A significant association between genotype I/I (SNP19 of CAPN10 ) and excess weight was found even with an active lifestyle. In addition, significant associations between the C/C genotype of the UCP3 gene and the G/G and T/T genotypes of the FTO gene and excess weight were found only in young sedentary individuals. Conclusions: In this population, inadequate diet and sedentary lifestyle increased the risk of excess weight. Genotype I/I of SNP19 in CAPN10 was significantly associated with excess weight. In contrast, FTO and UCP3 variants exhibited effects only in sedentary environments.


Introducción. La obesidad resulta de la interacción entre factores de riesgo genéticos y ambientales. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de tres variantes genéticas y factores ambientales en el exceso de peso en jóvenes de 10 a 18 años de Medellín, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio transversal en 424 jóvenes divididos en tres grupos: 100 obesos, 112 jóvenes con sobrepeso, y, pareados con ellos, 212 jóvenes con peso adecuado, que conformaron el grupo de control. Se evaluó la asociación entre tres polimorfismos genéticos ( UCP3 -rs1800849, FTO -rs17817449 y CAPN10 -rs3842570) y el exceso de peso, así como su interacción con antecedentes familiares de enfermedad, el tiempo dedicado a ver televisión y a jugar videojuegos y el consumo de alimentos. Resultados. Los antecedentes familiares de obesidad, la dedicación de más de dos horas al día a ver televisión y jugar videojuegos, la falta de lactancia materna, el bajo consumo de cereales, legumbres, frutas y verduras y el gran consumo de comidas rápidas fueron más frecuentes entre los obesos que en los controles. Se observó una asociación significativa entre el genotipo I/I (SNP19 del CAPN10 ) y el exceso de peso, incluso en los jóvenes que llevaban una vida activa. Además, se encontró una asociación significativa entre los genotipos C/C del UCP3 y G/G y T/T del FTO y el exceso de peso, pero solo en los jóvenes sedentarios. Conclusiones. En esta población, la alimentación inadecuada y el sedentarismo aumentaron el riesgo de exceso de peso. El genotipo I/I de SNP19 del CAPN10 se asoció significativamente con el exceso de peso. Algunas variantes del FTO y el UCP3 mostraron tener efecto solo en jóvenes sedentarios.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Calpain/genetics , Gene-Environment Interaction , Overweight/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Anthropometry , Adiposity/genetics , Cross-Sectional Studies , Calpain/physiology , Colombia/epidemiology , Diet , Dietary Fiber , Fast Foods/adverse effects , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genotype , Ion Channels/genetics , Leisure Activities , Motor Activity , Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics , Obesity/epidemiology , Obesity/genetics , Overweight/epidemiology , Proteins/genetics , Sedentary Behavior , Surveys and Questionnaires , Television , Video Games
3.
Rev. Esc. Enferm. USP ; 48(spe): 53-58, 08/2014.
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-731286

ABSTRACT

Objective To understand the experiences and expectations of nurses in the treatment of women with chronic venous ulcers. Method Phenomenological research was based on Alfred Schütz, whose statements were obtained in January, 2012, through semi-structured interviews with seven nurses. Results The nurse reveals the difficulties presented by the woman in performing self-care, the perceived limitations in the treatment anchored in motivation, and the values and beliefs of women. It showed professional frustration because venous leg ulcer recurrence, lack of inputs, interdisciplinary work and training of nursing staff. There was an expected adherence to the treatment of women, and it emphasized the need for ongoing care, supported self-care and standard practices in treatment. Conclusion That treatment of chronic venous leg ulcers constitutes a challenge that requires collective investment, involving women, professionals, managers and health institutions. .


Objetivo Comprender las experiencias y expectativas de enfermeras en el tratamiento de mujeres con úlcera venosa crónica. Método Investigación fenomenológica fundamentada en Alfred Schutz, que buscó Se realizó entrevista semiestructurada con siete enfermeras, en enero del 2012. Resultados La enfermera revela dificultades presentadas por la mujer para realizar el autocuidado, percibe limitaciones en el tratamiento relacionadas con la desmotivación, los valores y las creencias de las mujeres. Refiere frustración profesional debido a la recidiva de la lesión, a la falta de insumos, al deficiente trabajo interdisciplinar y a la limitada capacitación del equipo de enfermeras. Espera la adhesión de la mujer al tratamiento y resalta la necesidad del cuidado continuo, del autocuidado apoyado y de estandarizar conductas de tratamiento. Conclusión El tratamiento de la úlcera venosa crónica es un desafío que requiere contribución colectiva, involucrando a las mujeres, a los profesionales, a los gestores y a las instituciones de salud. .


Objetivo Compreender as experiências e expectativas de enfermeiras no tratamento de mulheres com úlcera venosa crônica na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método Pesquisa fundamentada na fenomenologia social de Alfred Schütz, com depoimentos obtidos em janeiro de 2012, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com sete enfermeiras. Resultados As enfermeiras revelam dificuldades apresentadas pelas mulheres com úlcera venosa crônica para realizar o autocuidado, percebem limitações na terapêutica ancoradas na desmotivação e nos valores e crenças das mulheres. Referem frustração profissional em razão da recidiva da lesão, falta de insumos e tecnologia, de trabalho interdisciplinar e da capacitação da equipe de enfermagem. Esperam a adesão das mulheres ao tratamento e ressaltam a necessidade do cuidado contínuo, do autocuidado apoiado e da padronização de condutas no tratamento. Conclusão O tratamento da úlcera venosa crônica constitui-se em um desafio que requer investimento coletivo, envolvendo a mulher, os profissionais, os gestores e as instituições de saúde. .


Subject(s)
Animals , Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/isolation & purification , Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolism , Cell Membrane/metabolism , Ion Channels/isolation & purification , Ion Channels/metabolism , Nerve Tissue Proteins/isolation & purification , Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism , Nervous System/metabolism , Neurons, Afferent/metabolism , Sensation/genetics , Amino Acid Sequence/genetics , Base Sequence/genetics , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Behavior, Animal/physiology , Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics , Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/metabolism , Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology , Capsaicin/pharmacology , Cell Compartmentation/genetics , Cell Membrane/drug effects , Cell Membrane/ultrastructure , Gene Expression Regulation/physiology , Ion Channels/genetics , Ion Channels/ultrastructure , Molecular Sequence Data , Mutation/genetics , Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics , Nerve Tissue Proteins/ultrastructure , Nervous System/cytology , Nervous System/drug effects , Neurons, Afferent/cytology , Neurons, Afferent/drug effects , Pain/genetics , Pain/metabolism , Pain/physiopathology , Phylogeny , Receptors, Drug/drug effects , Receptors, Drug/metabolism , Receptors, Drug/ultrastructure , Sensation/drug effects , Signal Transduction/genetics , TRPV Cation Channels , Transient Receptor Potential Channels
4.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 57(8): 603-611, Nov. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-696899

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in five genes - leptin, leptin receptor (LEPR), adiponectin (APM1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) and uncoupling protein 1 - with anthropometric, metabolic, and dietary parameters in a Southern Brazilian cohort of 325 children followed up from birth to 4 years old. MATERIALS AND METHODS: SNPs were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-based procedures, and their association with phenotypes was evaluated by t-test, analysis of variance, and general linear models. RESULTS: LEPR223Arg allele (rs1137101) was associated with higher daily energy intake at 4 years of age (P = 0.002; Pcorrected = 0.024). PPARG 12Ala-carriers (rs1801282) presented higher glucose levels than Pro/Pro homozygotes (P = 0.007; Pcorrected = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS: Two of the six studied SNPs presented consistent associations, showing that it is already possible to detect the influences of genetic variants on susceptibility to overweight in 4-year-old children.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação de polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único (SNPs) em cinco genes: leptina, receptor da leptina (LEPR), adiponectina (APM1), receptor ativado por proliferadores de peroxissomas gama (PPARG) e proteína desacopladora 1 com parâmetros antropométricos, metabólicos e dietéticos em uma coorte sul-brasileira composta por 325 crianças acompanhadas desde o nascimento até os 4 anos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Os SNPs foram analisados por meio da reação em cadeia da polimerase e sua associação com os fenótipos foi avaliada utilizando teste T, análise de variância e análise fatorial. RESULTADOS: O alelo LEPR223Arg (rs1137101) foi associado a uma maior ingestão energética diária aos 4 anos (P = 0,002; Pcorrigido = 0,024). Os portadores do alelo PPARG12Ala (rs1801282) apresentaram maior glicemia em relação aos homozigotos Pro/Pro (P = 0,007; Pcorrigido = 0,042). CONCLUSÕES: Dois dos seis SNPs estudados apresentaram associações consistentes, mostrando que aos 4 anos de idade já é possível detectar as influências de variantes genéticas sobre a suscetibilidade ao excesso de peso.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Adiponectin/genetics , Energy Intake , Ion Channels/genetics , Leptin/genetics , Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics , PPAR gamma/genetics , Receptors, Leptin/genetics , Body Weights and Measures , Brazil , Blood Glucose/analysis , Cholesterol/blood , Feeding Behavior , Linear Models , Obesity/genetics , Phenotype , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Prospective Studies , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Triglycerides/blood
5.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 108(supl.1): 74-79, 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-697834

ABSTRACT

In this review, we analyse the impact of a population and evolutionary genetics approach on the study of insect behaviour. Our attention is focused on the model organism Drosophila melanogaster and several other insect species. In particular, we explore the relationship between rhythmic behaviours and the molecular evolution of clock and ion channel genes.


Subject(s)
Animals , Behavior, Animal/physiology , Circadian Clocks/genetics , Drosophila melanogaster/genetics , Evolution, Molecular , Genetics, Population , CLOCK Proteins/genetics , Drosophila/genetics , Genetic Speciation , Ion Channels/genetics , Period Circadian Proteins/genetics , Psychodidae/genetics , Sexual Behavior, Animal , Temperature , Transgenes/genetics
6.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 56(4): 215-225, June 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-640695

ABSTRACT

It is well established that genetic factors play an important role in the development of both type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and obesity, and that genetically susceptible subjects can develop these metabolic diseases after being exposed to environmental risk factors. Therefore, great efforts have been made to identify genes associated with DM2 and/or obesity. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is mainly expressed in brown adipose tissue, and acts in thermogenesis, regulation of energy expenditure, and protection against oxidative stress. All these mechanisms are associated with the pathogenesis of DM2 and obesity. Hence, UCP1 is a candidate gene for the development of these disorders. Indeed, several studies have reported that polymorphisms -3826A/G, -1766A/G and -112A/C in the promoter region, Ala64Thr in exon 2 and Met299Leu in exon 5 of UCP1 gene are possibly associated with obesity and/or DM2. However, results are still controversial in different populations. Thus, the aim of this study was to review the role of UCP1 in the development of these metabolic diseases.


Está bem estabelecido que fatores genéticos têm papel importante no desenvolvimento do diabetes melito tipo 2 (DM2) e obesidade e que indivíduos suscetíveis geneticamente podem desenvolver essas doenças metabólicas após exposição a fatores de risco ambientais. Assim, grandes esforços têm sido feitos para a identificação de genes associados ao DM2 e/ou à obesidade. A proteína desacopladora 1 (UCP1) é principalmente expressa no tecido adiposo marrom e atua na termogênese, regulação do gasto energético e proteção contra o estresse oxidativo, mecanismos associados tanto à patogênese do DM2 como à obesidade. Portanto, UCP1 é um gene candidato para o desenvolvimento dessas doenças. De fato, diversos estudos relataram que os polimorfismos -3826A/G, -1766A/G e -112A/C na região promotora, Ala64Thr no éxon 2 e Met299Leu no éxon 5 do gene UCP1 estão possivelmente associados à obesidade e/ou ao DM2. Entretanto, os resultados são ainda controversos em diferentes populações. Então, o objetivo deste estudo foi revisar o papel da UCP1 no desenvolvimento dessas doenças metabólicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , /genetics , Ion Channels/physiology , Mitochondrial Proteins/physiology , Obesity/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Ion Channels/genetics , Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic
7.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 55(4): 239-248, June 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-593115

ABSTRACT

It is well established that genetic factors play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and its chronic complications, and that genetically susceptible subjects can develop the disease after being exposed to environmental risk factors. Therefore, great efforts have been made to identify genes associated with DM2. Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is expressed in several tissues, and acts in the protection against oxidative stress; in the negative regulation of insulin secretion by beta cells, and in fatty acid metabolism. All these mechanisms are associated with DM2 pathogenesis and its chronic complications. Therefore, UCP2 is a candidate gene for the development of these disorders. Indeed, several studies have reported that three common polymorphisms in UCP2 gene are possibly associated with DM2 and/or obesity. Only a few studies investigated these polymorphisms in relation to chronic complications of diabetes, with inconclusive results.


Está bem estabelecido que fatores genéticos têm papel importante no desenvolvimento do diabetes melito tipo 2 (DM2) bem como de suas complicações crônicas e que indivíduos geneticamente suscetíveis podem desenvolver essa doença após exposição a fatores de risco ambientais. Assim, grandes esforços têm sido feitos para a identificação de genes associados ao DM2. A proteína desacopladora 2 (UCP2) é expressa em diversos tecidos e atua na proteção contra o estresse oxidativo, na regulação negativa da secreção de insulina pelas células-beta e no metabolismo dos ácidos graxos, mecanismos associados tanto à patogênese do DM2 como a suas complicações crônicas. Portanto, o gene UCP2 é um gene candidato para o desenvolvimento dessas doenças. De fato, diversos estudos têm relatado que três polimorfismos comuns no gene UCP2 estão possivelmente associados ao DM2 e/ou à obesidade. Apenas poucos estudos investigaram esses polimorfismos em relação às complicações crônicas do diabetes, obtendo resultados pouco conclusivos.


Subject(s)
Humans , /genetics , Ion Channels/genetics , Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , /complications , Mitochondrial Diseases/metabolism
8.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 54(8): 673-681, Nov. 2010. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-578339

ABSTRACT

Ion channels serve diverse cellular functions, mainly in cell signal transduction. In endocrine cells, these channels play a major role in hormonal secretion, Ca2+-mediated cell signaling, transepithelial transport, cell motility and growth, volume regulation and cellular ionic content and acidification of lysosomal compartments. Ion channel dysfunction can cause endocrine disorders or endocrine-related manifestations, such as pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1, Liddle syndrome, Bartter syndrome, persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy, neonatal diabetes mellitus, cystic fibrosis, Dent's disease, hypomagnesemia with secondary hipocalcemia, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and, the most recently genetically identified channelopathy, thyrotoxic hypokalemic periodic paralysis. This review briefly recapitulates the membrane action potential in endocrine cells and offers a short overview of known endocrine channelopathies with focus on recent progress regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms and functional genetic defects.


Canais iônicos auxiliam diferentes funções celulares, principalmente na transdução de sinal. Nas células endócrinas, esses canais têm funções importantes na secreção hormonal, sinalização do Ca2+, transporte transepitelial, regulação da motilidade, volume e conteúdo iônico celular e da acidificação do compartimento lisossomal (pH). Como esperado, as alterações nos canais iônicos podem causar distúrbios endocrinológicos, como pseudo-hipoaldosteronismo tipo 1, síndrome de Liddle, síndrome de Bartter, hipoglicemia hiperinsulinêmica da infância, diabetes melito neonatal, fibrose cística, doença de Dent, hipomagnesemia com hipocalcemia secundária, diabetes insípido nefrogênico e paralisia periódica tirotóxica hipocalêmica. Este artigo propõe uma breve revisão das canalopatias endócrinas conhecidas, com foco particular nos recentes progressos no conhecimento dos mecanismos fisiopatológicos adquirido a partir das alterações funcionais encontradas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Channelopathies , Endocrine System Diseases , Ion Channels , Channelopathies/genetics , Channelopathies/physiopathology , Endocrine System Diseases/genetics , Endocrine System Diseases/physiopathology , Ion Channels/genetics , Ion Channels/physiology
9.
Journal of Forensic Medicine ; (6): 120-127, 2010.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-983553

ABSTRACT

Sudden cardiac death accounts for majority of deaths in human. Evident cardiac lesions that may explain the cause of death can be detected in comprehensive postmortem investigation in most sudden cardiac death. However, no cardiac morphological abnormality is found in a considerable number of cases although the death is highly suspected from cardiac anomaly. With the advances in the modern molecular biology techniques, it has been discovered that many of these sudden deaths are caused by congenital ion channelopathies in myocardial cell, i.e., Brugada syndrome, long QT syndrome, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, and short QT syndrome, etc. This article presents the molecular genetics, electrocardiographic abnormalities, clinical manifestations, and mechanisms leading to sudden cardiac death with emphasis on the role of postmortem genetic testing in certification of cause of death. It may provide helpful information in investigating sudden cardiac death due to ion channelopathies in medico-legal practice.


Subject(s)
Humans , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/genetics , Autopsy/methods , Brugada Syndrome/genetics , Cause of Death , Channelopathies/genetics , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/pathology , Electrocardiography , Forensic Pathology , Genetic Testing , Heart Conduction System/physiopathology , Ion Channels/genetics , Long QT Syndrome/genetics , Mutation , Tachycardia, Ventricular/genetics
10.
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine ; : 377-385, 2010.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-192815

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Underlying cardiac pathology and atrial fibrillation (AF) affect the molecular remodeling of ion channels in the atria. Changes in the expression of these molecules have not been demonstrated in Korean patients with mitral valvular heart disease. Thus, the purpose of this study was to analyze ion channel expression in patients with chronic AF and mitral valvular heart disease. METHODS: A total of 17 patients (eight males and nine females; mean age, 57 +/- 14 years [range, 19 to 77]) undergoing open-heart surgery were included in the study. Twelve patients (seven with coronary artery disease and five with aortic valvular disease) had sinus rhythm, and five patients (all with mitral valvular disease) had chronic, permanent AF. A piece of right atrial appendage tissue (0.5 g) was obtained during surgery. RT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression of L-type Ca2+ channels, ryanodine receptor (RyR2), sarcoplasmic reticular Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2), gene encoding the rapid component of the delayed rectifier Ikr (HERG), gene encoding calcium-independent transient outward current I(to1) (Kv4.3), gene encoding the ultrarapid component of the delayed rectifier Iku (Kv1.5), K+ channel-interacting protein 2 (KChIP2), hyperpolarization-activated cation channel 2 associated with the pacemaker current If (HCN2), and gene encoding Na+ channel (SCN5A). RESULTS: Reduced L-type Ca2+ channel, RyR2, SERCA2, Kv1.5, and KChIP2 expression and borderline increased HCN2 expression were observed in the patients with AF and mitral valvular heart disease. Left atrial diameter was negatively correlated with RyR2 and KChIP2 expression. Fractional area shortening of the left atrium was positively correlated with RyR2 and KChIP2 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Alterations in ion channel expression and the anatomical substrate may favor the initiation and maintenance of AF in patients with mitral valvular heart disease.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aortic Valve Stenosis/metabolism , Atrial Fibrillation/metabolism , Calcium/metabolism , Chronic Disease , Coronary Artery Disease/metabolism , Heart Valve Diseases/metabolism , Ion Channels/genetics , Mitral Valve , Potassium Channels/genetics , Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/genetics , Sodium Channels/genetics
11.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 54(3): 272-278, maio-jun. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-485613

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Epilepsia é uma desordem neurológica caracterizada por crises espontâneas e recorrentes, que afeta de 2 por cento a 3 por cento da população mundial. As crises epilépticas refletem atividade elétrica anormal e paroxística, preferencialmente em uma ou várias áreas do córtex cerebral, que podem ser causadas por inúmeras patologias estruturais ou neuroquímicas. Dentre os importantes estudos das últimas décadas no campo da epileptologia, destaca-se a identificação de genes associados a certos tipos de epilepsia. OBJETIVO: Nesta revisão, descrevemos as principais alterações genéticas associadas ao processo epileptogênico, discutindo as mais recentes descobertas e suas contribuições para a compreensão das bases genéticas das epilepsias idiopáticas monogênicas (EIM) e das epilepsias geneticamente complexas. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO: Estudos de ligação e associação mostram que alterações em genes que codificam canais iônicos são as principais causas genéticas das epilepsias idiopáticas monogênicas e de predisposição nas epilepsias geneticamente complexas. Além disso, as síndromes nas quais a epilepsia é um aspecto importante do quadro clínico podem ser provocadas por genes envolvidos em diferentes vias celulares, tais como: migração neuronal, metabolismo de glicogênio e cadeia respiratória. Portanto, acredita-se que diferentes categorias de genes possam atuar na determinação do traço epiléptico. A identificação de tais famílias de genes não apenas nos ajudará a entender as vias moleculares associadas à hiperexcitabilidade neuronal e ao processo epileptogênico, mas também poderá conduzir ao desenvolvimento de novas e mais precisas estratégias de tratamento da epilepsia.


INTRODUCTION: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by spontaneous and recurrent seizures with an estimated prevalence of 2-3 percent in the world population. Epileptic seizures are the result of paroxystic and hypersynchronous electrical activity, preferentially in cortical areas, caused by panoply of structural and neurochemical dysfunctions. Recent advances in the field have focused on the molecular mechanisms involved in the epileptogenic process. OBJECTIVES: In the present review, we describe the main genetic alterations associated to the process of epileptogenesis and discuss the new findings that are shedding light on the molecular substrates of monogenic idiopathic epilepsies (MIE) and on genetically complex epilepsies (GCE). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Linkage and association studies have shown that mutations in ion channel genes are the main causes of MIE and of predisposition for GCE. Moreover, mutations in genes involved in neuronal migration, glycogen metabolism and respiratory chain are associated to other syndromes involving seizures. Therefore, different gene classes contribute to the epileptic trait. The identification of epilepsy-related gene families can help us understand the molecular mechanisms of neuronal hyperexcitability and recognize markers of early diagnosis as well as new treatments for these epilepsies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Epilepsy/genetics , Mutation , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics , Glycogen/metabolism , Ion Channels/genetics
12.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 776-780, 2008.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-37043

ABSTRACT

Recent studies have provided some clues with regard to the relationship existing between uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and blood pressure in animal experiments. In an attempt to determine the genetic polymorphisms that are associated with blood pressure in humans, we have analyzed genetic polymorphisms in UCP1 gene. In this study, we assessed the association between UCP1 genotypes and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), in a population comprised of 832 Korean female subjects, using a general linear model, which was adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI). Among 4 genetic polymorphisms and the haplotypes constructed from them, haplotype3 of UCP1, UCP1-ht3[GAGA], evidenced significant associations with SBP (p=0.005) and DBP (p=0.013). However, this haplotype was not significantly associated with obesity phenotypes, including BMI or fat mass (p>0.05), thereby suggesting that its association with blood pressure was independent of obesity phenotypes.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Alleles , Blood Pressure , Body Mass Index , Genotype , Haplotypes , Ion Channels/genetics , Korea , Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics , Models, Genetic , Obesity/genetics , Phenotype , Polymorphism, Genetic
13.
Experimental & Molecular Medicine ; : 385-394, 2007.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-201415

ABSTRACT

Leptin receptor deficiency causes morbid obesity and hyperlipidemia in mice. Since physical exercise enhances energy expenditure, it is an important part of successful weight-control regimens. We investigated the mechanism by which swim training regulates leptin receptor deficiency-induced obesity and lipid disorder in a mouse model of obesity (obese db/db mouse). Swim training for 6 weeks significantly decreased body weight gain and adipose tissue mass in both sexes of obese and lean mice, compared to their respective sedentary controls. These effects were particularly evident in obese mice. Swim training also caused significant decreases in serum levels of triglycerides, free fatty acids and total cholesterol in both obese and lean mice. In obese mice, swim training increased the levels of mRNAs and proteins encoding uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), UCP2 and UCP3 in brown adipose tissue, white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, respectively. In conclusion, these findings suggest that, in mice, swim training can effectively prevent body weight gain, adiposity and lipid disorders caused by leptin receptor deficiency, in part through activation of UCPs in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, which may contribute to alleviating metabolic syndromes, such as obesity, hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Mice , Adipose Tissue/metabolism , Body Weight , Ion Channels/genetics , Lipid Metabolism , Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism , Obesity/genetics , Physical Conditioning, Animal , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Receptors, Cell Surface/deficiency , Receptors, Leptin , Swimming
15.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 14(3): 453-461, Maio-Jun. 2004. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-407463

ABSTRACT

Os recentes avanços na área de genética em arritmias têm possibilitado a descoberta de novas síndromes clínicas em pacientes sem cardiopatia estrutural aparente. Uma das principais causas tem sido o desequilíbrio das correntes iônicas gerado a partir de defeitos genéticos, polimorfismos, intervenções terapêuticas ou anormalidades estruturais, que podem ocasionar vários fenótipos arritmogênicos, como arritmias cardíacas, síncope e morte súbita. Os estudos genéticos estão na sua curva de aprendizado e a lista de arritmias cardíacas e seus aspectos genéticos ainda está longe de ser concluída. Discutiremos neste capítulo as principais doenças do ritmo cardíaco que, até o momento, apresentam implicações com aspectos genéticos


Subject(s)
Humans , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Ion Channels/physiology , Ion Channels/genetics , Genetics/instrumentation , Genetics/trends , Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/physiopathology , Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/genetics , Atrial Fibrillation/physiopathology , Tachycardia, Ventricular/physiopathology
16.
Med. interna Méx ; 14(2): 72-9, mar.-abr. 1998. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-241445

ABSTRACT

Los canales de iones son glucoproteínas estructurales de la membrana celular que participan en la función, sobre todo de células excitables, para generar el potencial de acción y además ayudan a mantener el equilibrio de iones y de agua en los espacios intra y extracelulares. En la presente revisión se mencionan, entre otros aspectos, su estructura, los principios básicos de su función y algunas de las enfermedades hereditarias que ocurren habitualmente por una formación anormal de estas estructuras. La habilidad que tenemos de pensar y movernos depende de los cambios de voltaje iniciados por la movilización de iones, lo cual regula la función nerviosa y muscular. Por mucho tiempo se ha sabido que estos canales son blanco de manipulación por varios fármacos aplicados, sobre todo, a nivel de la clínica cardiovascular; otros medicamentos, usados ampliamente en forma secundaria, también pueden alterar la función de los canales induciendo efectos colaterales que pueden ser graves. Todos estos aspectos y algunos otros se mencionan en la presente revisión


Subject(s)
Calcium Channels/physiology , Ion Channels/pharmacology , Ion Channels/physiology , Ion Channels/genetics , Cell Membrane/physiology , Potassium Channels/physiology
17.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 57(5): 617-28, 1997. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-209689

ABSTRACT

Este trabajo clasifica diversas enfermedades causadas por un anormal funcionamento en los canales iónicos activados por voltaje o neurotransmisores. Numerosos procesos fisiológicos dependen del normal funcionamiento de canales iónicos, funciones que son más aparentes en los epitelios absortivos y secretorios y en los tejidos excitables como nervio y músculo. Los estudios que combinan los registros electrofisiológicos con la biologia molecular han aclarado la estructura de las proteínas constituyentes de los canales iónicos y la expresión de los mismos. Estos estudios han revelado diversas estructuras responsables de los procesos de permeación, selectividad, activación, inactivación y bloqueo de los canales iónicos. Por medio de estos estudios los canales anormales y sus efectos moleculares pueden ser identificados. Los recientes avances en esta área permiten una clasificación más racional para las enfermedades de los canales iónicos y los resultados podrían ser útiles para su tratamiento en el futuro.


Subject(s)
Humans , Genetic Diseases, Inborn , Ion Channels , Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics , Genetic Diseases, Inborn/physiopathology , Ion Channels/genetics , Ion Channels/physiology
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL